Glossary entry

French term or phrase:

V'

English translation:

voleuse > thief

Added to glossary by Charles Davis
Apr 18, 2019 10:48
5 yrs ago
8 viewers *
French term

'V'

French to English Law/Patents Law (general)
What did the brand 'V' mean on a tortured/punished woman?
Proposed translations (English)
3 +3 voleuse > thief
Change log

Apr 18, 2019 10:38: Yana Dovgopol changed "Vetting" from "Needs Vetting" to "Vet OK"

Apr 18, 2019 10:48: Yana Dovgopol changed "Kudoz queue" from "In queue" to "Public"

Apr 18, 2019 22:53: Yolanda Broad changed "Term asked" from "\\\'V\\\'" to "\'V\' "

May 2, 2019 04:01: Charles Davis Created KOG entry

Discussion

AllegroTrans Apr 19, 2019:
Are you there asker? Can you suppy context please?
Nikki Scott-Despaigne Apr 18, 2019:
No context Without context, it is impossible to give an accurate answer, although among suggestions made, the "right" answer may be there.
You say the individual was "tortured/punished". Sometimes, in certain contexts, torture is used as a form of punishment. Is that the context? If not, is it one or the other? In what sort of context? "V" could be for "voleur, -euse", it could also be "violé(e)", adding to the psychological torture of a person who has been the victime of rape. You need to provide more context.
AllegroTrans Apr 18, 2019:
asker Context? Text? Docment?

Proposed translations

+3
37 mins
French term (edited): \'V\'
Selected

voleuse > thief

Can't be sure because of lack of context, but this seems likely.

"La flétrissure est une peine afflictive et infamante, consistant en une marque au fer rouge sur le condamné. [...]
L'article 20 du Code pénal de 1810 prévoit la flétrissure au fer brûlant en place publique sur l'épaule droite : les condamnés sont marqués de l'empreinte des lettres T. P. pour travaux forcés à perpétuité, de la lettre T pour travaux forcés à temps ou de la lettre D pour les déportés. La lettre F est ajoutée à l'empreinte pour les faussaires, la lettre V pour les voleurs et le numéro du département où siège la Cour criminelle qui a rendu le jugement."
https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flétrissure

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Note added at 3 hrs (2019-04-18 14:39:40 GMT)
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The Wikipedia article quoted certainly gives the impression that V for vol/voleur is included in the relevant article (20) of the 1810 Code pénal, but, as Ph_B rightly points out, this is not actually the case. The writer of the article refers here to Étude de législation pénale comparée. Code français de 1810, avec les motifs, les discussions, Auguste Durand, 1852, p. 48, which presumably clarifies the issue. Unfortunately I can't find this text in a readable form online, but other sources show that this particular type of branding is earlier; it was introduced in 1724:

"« Ceux qui sont flétris pour vol, continue Jousse, qui commente la Déclaration royale du 4 mars 1724, doivent être marqués sur l’épaule avec un fer chaud, de la lettre V, et ceux qui sont condamnés aux galères sont marqués des lettres GAL »."
Michel Porret, "La Cicatrice pénale: Doctrine, pratiques et critique de la marque d’infamie", p. 55
https://www.cairn.info/load_pdf.php?download=1&ID_ARTICLE=SD...

"Mais de toutes les Loix, celle à laquelle nous devons principalement nous arrêter sur cette matière, c'est la Déclaration de 1724, qui, comme nous l'avons observé, n'a ajouté à la Peine de Fouet qu'elle ordonne pour un premier Vol, celle de la Flétrissure avec la lettre V., qu'afin qu'au cas que le Voleur vienne à commettre un autre Vol, ou quelqu'autre Crime que ce soit , pour lequel il eût déjà été flétri, la Peine puisse être augmentée [...]"
M. Muyart de Vouglans, Les Loix criminelles de France (Paris, 1780), p. 311
https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=1Oc2dtKPB8AC&pg=PA62&lpg...

So it was like a criminal record written on the body of the offender. I can't remember whether Foucault discusses this but it's right up his street.

Branding was abolished in 1791 then partially introduced in 1801 and included in the 1810 Penal Code, but with no mention of V, as has been said. It was finally abolished in 1832.
https://criminocorpus.org/en/tools/bibliography/bibliography...
Peer comment(s):

agree Peter LEGUIE : Yes, most likely. But I am not familiar with pre-revolutionary French penal law.
53 mins
Thanks, Peter. I've now done a little digging, and the V was introduced in 1724. Branding was abolished in 1791 but reintroduced in 1810, though as Ph_B notes, V is not mentioned. It was finally abolished in 1832.
agree Ph_B (X) : Likely, indeed. However, I double-checked the Wiki reference - as one does :-) - and couldn't find any mention of the letter V in art. 20 of the 1810 version of Code pénal (p. 3 here: https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k57837660/f12.image).
1 hr
Thanks, Ph_B. You're right. It's earlier: 1724. Further note coming up. To be fair to the Wikipedia article its author is citing the Étude de législation pénale comparée of 1852, though this should perhaps have been made clearer.
agree philgoddard : Kudos to Ph_B for finding the article!
2 hrs
Thanks, Phil. Yes indeed; I've now researched this further.
neutral Nikki Scott-Despaigne : Maybe, but we lack context. I've come across it being used on rape victims, adding further psychological torture to what is already a traumatic event.//Yes. "Did" begs the question "when"? O'wise, the "used to" construct° wld help.
12 hrs
You're right, we do need to know the context. As I said at the beginning, we can't be sure. "Punished" suggested judicial punishment to me / and the past tense in the question ("what did [...] mean?") suggests in the past, but...
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4 KudoZ points awarded for this answer. Comment: "Selected automatically based on peer agreement."
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