In the book The Transparency Society (2012), the South Korean philosopher Byung Chul Han goes back once again to Michel Foucault’s panoptic metaphor to develop the concept of the digital panopticon. He refers to a new total visibility that allows us to see everything through electronic means, starting with the intimacy of each person. This covers the social networks and Google tools –Earth, Maps, Glass and Street View– and YouTube.
Hyperconnected South Korea has the fastest Internet speed in the world and is the boldest laboratory of the transparency society, having become a sort of “holy land” of digital man, whose mobile is an extension of the hand, through which he “explores” the world.
The panopticon of the disciplinary society operated through the lineal perspective of looking from a central tower. The inmates could not see each other, nor could they see the guard, and would have preferred not to be observed in order to have some freedom. In exchange, the digital panoptic loses its perspectivist character: in the cybernetic matrix, everyone can see the others and exposes himself to be seen. The only control point held by the analogue overview disappears: now it is observed from all angles. But the control continues, in another way, and would be even more effective. Because every person enables the others to have an intimate look at him, thus generating mutual vigilance. This total vision “degrades the transparent society until it is converted into a controlled society. Everyone controls everyone”, wrote the philosopher.
(...) The essay The Transparency Society ends by suggesting that the world is developing like a giant panopticon where no wall separates the inside from the outside.